WAIS Document Retrieval[Code of Federal Regulations]

[Title 49, Volume 5, Parts 400 to 999]

[Revised as of October 1, 1999]

From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access

[CITE: 49CFR571.213]

[Page 535-572]

TITLE 49--TRANSPORTATION

CHAPTER V--NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC

SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT

OF TRANSPORTATION

PART 571--FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS--Table of Contents

Subpart B--Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards

Sec. 571.213 Standard No. 213; Child restraint systems.

S1. Scope. This standard specifies requirements for child restraint

systems used in motor vehicles and aircraft.

S2. Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to reduce the number of

children killed or injured in motor vehicle crashes and in aircraft.

S3. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars,

multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and buses, and to child

restraint systems for use in motor vehicles and aircraft.

S4. Definitions.

Add-on child restraint system means any portable child restraint

system.

Backless child restraint system means a child restraint, other than

a belt-positioning seat, that consists of a seating platform that does

not extend up to provide a cushion for the child's back or head and has

a structural element designed to restrain forward motion of the child's

torso in a forward impact.

Belt-positioning seat means a child restraint system that positions

a child on a vehicle seat to improve the fit of a vehicle Type II belt

system on the child and that lacks any component, such as a belt system

or a structural element, designed to restrain forward movement of the

child's torso in a forward impact.

[[Page 536]]

Booster seat means either a backless child restraint system or a

belt-positioning seat.

Built-in child restraint system means a child restraint system that

is designed to be an integral part of and permanently installed in a

motor vehicle.

Car bed means a child restraint system designed to restrain or

position a child in the supine or prone position on a continuous flat

surface.

Child restraint anchorage system is defined in S3 of FMVSS No. 225

(Sec. 571.225).

Child restraint system means any device except Type I or Type II

seat belts, designed for use in a motor vehicle or aircraft to restrain,

seat, or position children who weigh 50 pounds or less.

Contactable surface means any child restraint system surface (other

than that of a belt, belt buckle, or belt adjustment hardware) that may

contact any part of the head or torso of the appropriate test dummy,

specified in S7, when a child restraint system is tested in accordance

with S6.1.

Factory-installed built-in child restraint system means a built-in

child restraint system that has been or will be permanently installed in

a motor vehicle before that vehicle is certified as a completed or

altered vehicle in accordance with part 567 of this chapter.

Rear-facing child restraint system means a child restraint system,

except a car bed, that positions a child to face in the direction

opposite to the normal direction of travel of the motor vehicle.

Representative aircraft passenger seat means either a Federal

Aviation Administration approved production aircraft passenger seat or a

simulated aircraft passenger seat conforming to Figure 6.

Seat orientation reference line or SORL means the horizontal line

through Point Z as illustrated in Figure 1A.

Specific vehicle shell means the actual vehicle model part into

which the built-in child restraint system is or is intended to be

fabricated, including the complete surroundings of the built-in system.

If the built-in child restraint system is or is intended to be

fabricated as part of any seat other than a front seat, these

surroundings include the back of the seat in front, the interior rear

side door panels and trim, the floor pan, adjacent pillars (e.g., the B

and C pillars), and the ceiling. If the built-in system is or is

intended to be fabricated as part of the front seat, these surroundings

include the dashboard, the steering mechanism and its associated trim

hardware, any levers and knobs installed on the floor or on a console,

the interior front side door panels and trim, the front seat, the floor

pan, the A pillars and the ceiling.

Tether anchorage is defined in S3 of FMVSS No. 225 (Sec. 571.225).

Tether strap is defined in S3 of FMVSS No. 225 (Sec. 571.225).

Tether hook is defined in S3 of FMVSS No. 225 (Sec. 571.225).

Torso means the portion of the body of a seated anthropomorphic test

dummy, excluding the thighs, that lies between the top of the child

restraint system seating surface and the top of the shoulders of the

test dummy.

S5. Requirements. (a) Each motor vehicle with a built-in child

restraint system shall meet the requirements in this section when, as

specified, tested in accordance with S6.1 and this paragraph.

(b) Each child restraint system manufactured for use in motor

vehicles shall meet the requirements in this section when, as specified,

tested in accordance with S6.1 and this paragraph. Each add-on system

shall meet the requirements at each of the restraint's seat back angle

adjustment positions and restraint belt routing positions, when the

restraint is oriented in the direction recommended by the manufacturer

(e.g., forward, rearward or laterally) pursuant to S5.6, and tested with

the test dummy specified in S7.

shall meet the requirements in this section and the additional

requirements in S8.

S5.1 Dynamic performance.

S5.1.1 Child restraint system integrity. When tested in accordance

with S6.1, each child restraint system shall meet the requirements of

paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.

(a) Exhibit no complete separation of any load bearing structural

element and no partial separation exposing either surfaces with a radius

of less than \1/4\ inch or surfaces with protrusions

[[Page 537]]

greater than \3/8\ inch above the immediate adjacent surrounding

contactable surface of any structural element of the system.

(b)(1) If adjustable to different positions, remain in the same

adjustment position during the testing that it was in immediately before

the testing, except as otherwise specified in paragraph (b)(2).

(2)(i) Subject to paragraph (b)(2)(ii), a rear-facing child

restraint system may have a means for repositioning the seating surface

of the system that allows the system's occupant to move from a reclined

position to an upright position and back to a reclined position during

testing.

(ii) No opening that is exposed and is larger than \1/4\ inch before

the testing shall become smaller during the testing as a result of the

movement of the seating surface relative to the restraint system as a

whole.

between the system's back support surfaces for the child and the

system's seating surface to be less than 45 degrees at the completion of

the test.

S5.1.2 Injury criteria. When tested in accordance with S6.1, each

child restraint system that, in accordance with S5.5.2(f), is

recommended for use by children whose masses are more than 10 kilograms

(kg) shall--

(a) Limit the resultant acceleration at the location of the

accelerometer mounted in the test dummy head as specified in part 572

such that the expression:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01AU91.097

shall not exceed 1,000, where a is the resultant acceleration expressed

as a multiple of g (the acceleration of gravity), and t<INF>1</INF> and

t<INF>2</INF> are any two moments during the impacts.

(b) Limit the resultant acceleration at the location of the

accelerometer mounted in the test dummy upper thorax as specified in

part 572 to not more than 60 g's, except for intervals whose cumulative

duration is not more than 3 milliseconds.

S5.1.3 Occupant excursion. When tested in accordance with S6.1 and

the requirements specified in this section, each child restraint system

shall meet the applicable excursion limit requirements specified in

S5.1.3.1-S5.1.3.3.

S5.1.3.1 Child restraint systems other than rear-facing ones and

car beds. Each child restraint system, other than a rear-facing child

restraint system or a car bed, shall retain the test dummy's torso

within the system.

(a) For each add-on child restraint system:

(1) No portion of the test dummy's head shall pass through a

vertical transverse plane that is 720 mm or 813 mm (as specified in the

table in this S5.1.3.1) forward of point Z on the standard seat

assembly, measured along the center SORL (as illustrated in figure 1B of

this standard); and

(2) Neither knee pivot point shall pass through a vertical

transverse plane that is 915 mm forward of point Z on the standard seat

assembly, measured along the center SORL.

[[Page 538]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU99.011

(b) In the case of a built-in child restraint system, neither knee

pivot point shall, at any time during the dynamic test, pass through a

vertical transverse plane that is 305 mm forward of the initial pre-test

position of the respective knee pivot point, measured along a horizontal

line that passes through the knee pivot point and is parallel to the

vertical longitudinal plane that passes through the vehicle's

longitudinal centerline.

S5.1.3.2 Rear-facing child restraint systems. In the case of each

rear-facing child restraint system, all portions of the test dummy's

torso shall be retained within the system and neither of the target

points on either side of the dummy's head and on the transverse axis

passing through the center of mass of the dummy's head and perpendicular

to the head's midsagittal plane, shall pass through the transverse

orthogonal planes whose intersection contains the forward-most and top-

most points on the child restraint system surfaces (illustrated in

Figure 1C).

S5.1.3.3 Car beds. In the case of car beds, all portions of the test

dummy's head and torso shall be retained within the confines of the car

bed.

S5.1.4 Back support angle. When a rear-facing child restraint system

is tested in accordance with S6.1, the angle between the system's back

support surface for the child and the vertical shall not exceed 70

degrees.

S5.2 Force distribution.

S5.2.1 Minimum head support surface--child restraints other than car

beds.

S5.2.1.1 Except as provided in S5.2.1.2, each child restraint system

other than a car bed shall provide restraint

[[Page 539]]

against rearward movement of the head of the child (rearward in relation

to the child) by means of a continuous seat back which is an integral

part of the system and which--

(a) Has a height, measured along the system seat back surface for

the child in the vertical longitudinal plane passing through the

longitudinal centerline of the child restraint systems from the lowest

point on the system seating surface that is contacted by the buttocks of

the seated dummy, as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Height\2\

Weight\1\ (in pounds) (in

inches)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Less than 20 lb............................................. 18

20 lb or more, but not more than 40 lb...................... 20

More than 40 lb............................................. 22

------------------------------------------------------------------------

\1\ When a child restraint system is recommended under S5.5(f) for use

by children of the above weights.

\2\ The height of the portion of the system seat back providing head

restraint shall not be less than the above.

(b) Has a width of not less than 8 inches, measured in the

horizontal plane at the height specified in paragraph (a) of this

section. Except that a child restraint system with side supports

extending at least 4 inches forward from the padded surface of the

portion of the restraint system provided for support of the child's head

may have a width of not less than 6 inches, measured in the horizontal

plane at the height specified in paragraph (a) of this section.

angle between the head and torso of the dummy specified in S7. when

tested in accordance with S6.1 is not more than 45 degrees greater than

the angle between the head and torso after the dummy has been placed in

the system in accordance with S6.1.2.3 and before the system is tested

in accordance with S6.1.

S5.2.1.2 The applicability of the requirements of S5.2.1.1 to a

front-facing child restraint, and the conformance of any child restraint

other than a car bed to those requirements is determined using the

largest of the test dummies specified in S7.1 for use in testing that

restraint; provided, that the 6-year-old dummy described in subpart I of

part 572 of this title is not used to determine the applicability of or

compliance with S5.2.1.1. A front-facing child restraint system is not

required to comply with S5.2.1.1 if the target point on either side of

the dummy's head is below a horizontal plane tangent to the top of--

(a) The standard seat assembly, in the case of an add-on child

restraint system, when the dummy is positioned in the system and the

system is installed on the assembly in accordance with S6.1.2.

(b) The vehicle seat, in the case of a built-in child restraint

system, when the system is activated and the dummy is positioned in the

system in accordance with S6.1.2.

S5.2.2 Torso impact protection. Each child restraint system other

than a car bed shall comply with the applicable requirements of S5.2.2.1

and S5.2.2.2.

S5.2.2.1(a) The system surface provided for the support of the

child's back shall be flat or concave and have a continuous surface area

of not less than 85 square inches.

(b) Each system surface provided for support of the side of the

child's torso shall be flat or concave and have a continuous surface of

not less than 24 square inches for systems recommended for children

weighing 20 pounds or more, or 48 square inches for systems recommended

for children weighing less than 20 pounds.

restrain forward movement of the child's torso shall be flat or concave

and each vertical longitudinal cross section shall be flat or convex

with a radius of curvature of the underlying structure of not less than

2 inches.

S5.2.2.2 Each forward-facing child restraint system shall have no

fixed or movable surface--

(a) Directly forward of the dummy and intersected by a horizontal

line--

(1) Parallel to the SORL, in the case of the add-on child restraint

system, or

(2) Parallel to a vertical plane through the longitudinal center

line of the vehicle seat, in the case of a built-in child restraint

system, and,

(b) Passing through any portion of the dummy, except for surfaces

which restrain the dummy when the system is tested in accordance with

S6.1.2(a)(2), so that the child restraint system shall conform to the

requirements of S5.1.2 and S5.1.3.1.

[[Page 540]]

S5.2.3 Head impact protection.

S5.2.3.1 Each child restraint system, other than a child harness,

which is recommended under S5.5.2(f) for children whose masses are less

than 10 kg, shall comply with S5.2.3.2.

S5.2.3.2 Each system surface, except for protrusions that comply

with S5.2.4, which is contactable by the dummy head when the system is

tested in accordance with S6.1 shall be covered with slow recovery,

energy absorbing material with the following characteristics:

(a) A 25 percent compression-deflection resistance of not less than

0.5 and not more than 10 pounds per square inch when tested in

accordance with S6.3.

(b) A thickness of not less than \1/2\ inch for materials having a

25 percent compression-deflection resistance of not less than 1.8 and

not more than 10 pounds per square inch when tested in accordance with

S6.3. Materials having a 25 percent compression-deflection resistance of

less than 1.8 pounds per square inch shall have a thickness of not less

than \3/4\ inch.

S5.2.4 Protrusion limitation. Any portion of a rigid structural

component within or underlying a contactable surface, or any portion of

a child restraint system surface that is subject to the requirements of

S5.2.3 shall, with any padding or other flexible overlay material

removed, have a height above any immediately adjacent restraint system

surface of not more than \3/8\ inch and no exposed edge with a radius of

less than \1/4\ inch.

S5.3 Installation.

S5.3.1 Except for components designed to attach to a child

restraint anchorage system, each add-on child restraint system shall not

have any means designed for attaching the system to a vehicle seat

cushion or vehicle seat back and any component (except belts) that is

designed to be inserted between the vehicle seat cushion and vehicle

seat back.

S5.3.2 Each add-on child restraint system shall be capable of

meeting the requirements of this standard when installed on the vehicle

seating assembly solely by each of the means indicated in the following

table for the particular type of child restraint system:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Means of installation

-------------------------------------------------------

Type 1 seat Child

belt restraint

Type of add-on child restraint system Type 1 seat assembly anchorage Type II seat

belt plus a system belt

assembly tether (effective assembly

anchorage, September 1,

if needed 2002)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Harnesses............................................... X

Car beds................................................ X

Rear-facing restraints.................................. X X

Belt-positioning seats.................................. X

All other child restraints.............................. X X X

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

S5.3.3 Car beds. Each car bed shall be designed to be installed on a

vehicle seat so that the car bed's longitudinal axis is perpendicular to

a vertical longitudinal plane through the longitudinal axis of the

vehicle.

S5.4 Belts, belt buckles, and belt webbing.

S5.4.1 Performance requirements. The webbing of belts provided with

a child restrain system and used to attach the system to the vehicle or

to restrain the child within the system shall--

(a) After being subjected to abrasion as specified in S5.1(d) or

S5.3(c) of FMVSS 209 (Sec. 571.209), have a breaking strength of not

less than 75 percent of the strength of the unabraded webbing when

tested in accordance with S5.1(b) of FMVSS 209.

(b) Meet the requirements of S4.2 (e) and (f) of FMVSS No. 209

(Sec. 571.209); and

in accordance with S6.1, have a width of not less than 1\1/2\ inches

when measured in accordance with S5.4.1.1.

[[Page 541]]

S5.4.1.1 Width test procedure. Condition the webbing for 24 hours

in an atmosphere of any relative humidity between 48 and 67 percent, and

any ambient temperature between 70 deg. and 77 deg.F. Measure belt

webbing width under a tension of 5 pounds applied lengthwise.

S5.4.2 Belt buckles and belt adjustment hardware. Each belt buckle

and item of belt adjustment hardware used in a child restraint system

shall conform to the requirements of S4.3(a) and S4.3(b) of FMVSS No.

209 (Sec. 571.209).

S5.4.3 Belt Restraint.

S5.4.3.1 General. Each belt that is part of a child restraint

system and that is designed to restrain a child using the system shall

be adjustable to snugly fit any child whose height and weight are within

the ranges recommended in accordance with S5.5.2(f) and who is

positioned in the system in accordance with the instructions required by

S5.6.

S5.4.3.2 Direct restraint. Except for a child restraint system

whose mass is less than 4.4 kg, each belt that is part of a child

restraint system and that is designed to restrain a child using the

system and to attach the system to the vehicle, and each Type I and lap

portion of a Type II vehicle belt that is used to attach the system to

the vehicle shall, when tested in accordance with S6.1, impose no loads

on the child that result from the mass of the system, or

(a) In the case of an add-on child restraint system, from the mass

of the seat back of the standard seat assembly specified in S6.1, or

(b) In the case of a built-in child restraint system, from the mass

of any part of the vehicle into which the child restraint system is

built.

S5.4.3.3 Seating systems. Except for child restraint systems

subject to S5.4.3.4, each child restraint system that is designed for

use by a child in a seated position and that has belts designed to

restrain the child, shall, with the test dummy specified in S7

positioned in the system in accordance with S10 provide:

(a) Upper torso restraint in the form of:

(i) Belts passing over each shoulder of the child, or

(ii) A fixed or movable surface that complies with S5.2.2.1(c), and

(b) Lower torso restraint in the form of:

(i) A lap belt assembly making an angle between 45 deg. and 90 deg.

with the child restraint seating surface at the lap belt attachment

points, or

(ii) A fixed or movable surface that complies with S5.2.2.1(c), and

whose masses are more than 10 kg, crotch restraint in the form of:

(i) A crotch belt connectable to the lap belt or other device used

to restrain the lower torso, or

(ii) A fixed or movable surface that complies with S5.2.2.1(c).

S5.4.3.4 Harnesses. Each child harness shall:

(a) Provide upper torso restraint, including belts passing over each

shoulder of the child;

(b) Provide lower torso restraint by means of lap and crotch belt;

and

recommended for use pursuant to S5.5.2(f) from standing upright on the

vehicle seat when the child is placed in the device in accordance with

the instructions required by S5.6.

S5.4.3.5 Buckle release. Any buckle in a child restraint system belt

assembly designed to restrain a child using the system shall:

(a) When tested in accordance with S6.2.1 prior to the dynamic test

of S6.1, not release when a force of less than 40 newtons (N) is applied

and shall release when a force of not more than 62 N is applied;

(b) After the dynamic test of S6.1, when tested in accordance with

the appropriate sections of S6.2, release when a force of not more than

71 N is applied, provided, however, that the conformance of any child

restraint to this requirement is determined using the largest of the

test dummies specified in S7 for use in testing that restraint when the

restraint is facing forward, rearward, and/or laterally;

(Sec. 571.209), except that the minimum surface area for child restraint

buckles designed for

[[Page 542]]

push button application shall be 0.6 square inch;

(d) Meet the requirements of S4.3(g) of FMVSS No. 209 (Sec. 571.209)

when tested in accordance with S5.2(g) of FMVSS No. 209; and

(e) Not release during the testing specified in S6.1.

S5.5 Labeling.

S5.5.1 Each add-on child restraint system shall be permanently

labeled with the information specified in S5.5.2 (a) through (m).

S5.5.2 The information specified in paragraphs (a) through (m) of

this section shall be stated in the English language and lettered in

letters and numbers that are not smaller than 10 point type and are on a

contrasting background.

(a) The model name or number of the system.

(b) The manufacturer's name. A distributor's name may be used

instead if the distributor assumes responsibility for all duties and

liabilities imposed on the manufacturer with respect to the system by

the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, as amended.

year of manufacture.

(d) The place of manufacture (city and State, or foreign country).

However, if the manufacturer uses the name of the distributor, then it

shall state the location (city and State, or foreign country) of the

principal offices of the distributor.

(e) The statement: ``This child restraint system conforms to all

applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standards.''

(f) One of the following statements, inserting the manufacturer's

recommendations for the maximum mass and height of children who can

safely occupy the system, except that booster seats shall not be

recommended for children whose masses are less than 13.6 kg:

(1) This infant restraint is designed for use by children who weigh

____________ pounds (____________ kg) or less and whose height is

(insert values in English and metric units; use of word ``mass'' in

label is optional) or less; or

(2) This child restraint is designed for use only by children who

weigh between ____________ and ____________ pounds (insert appropriate

metric values; use of word ``mass'' is optional) and whose height is

(insert appropriate values in English and metric units) or less and who

are capable of sitting upright alone; or

(3) This child restraint is designed for use only by children who

weigh between ____________ and ____________ pounds (insert appropriate

metric values; use of word ``mass'' is optional) and whose height is

between ____________ and ____________ inches (insert appropriate values

in English and metric units).

(g) The following statement, inserting the location of the

manufacturer's installation instruction booklet or sheet on the

restraint:

WARNING! FAILURE TO FOLLOW EACH OF THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAN RESULT

IN YOUR CHILD STRIKING THE VEHICLE'S INTERIOR DURING A SUDDEN STOP OR

CRASH.

SECURE THIS CHILD RESTRAINT WITH A VEHICLE BELT AS SPECIFIED IN THE

MAUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS LOCATED____.

(h) In the case of each child restraint system that has belts

designed to restrain children using them:

SNUGLY ADJUST THE BELTS PROVIDED WITH THIS CHILD RESTRAINT AROUND YOUR

CHILD.

(i)(1) For a booster seat that is recommended for use with either a

vehicle's Type I or Type II seat belt assembly, one of the following

statements, as appropriate:

(i) WARNING! USE ONLY THE VEHICLE'S LAP AND SHOULDER BELT SYSTEM

WHEN RESTRAINING THE CHILD IN THIS BOOSTER SEAT; or,

(ii) WARNING! USE ONLY THE VEHICLE'S LAP BELT SYSTEM, OR THE LAP

BELT PART OF A LAP/SHOULDER BELT SYSTEM WITH THE SHOULDER BELT PLACED

BEHIND THE CHILD, WHEN RESTRAINING THE CHILD IN THIS SEAT.

(2)(i) Except as provided in paragraph (i)(2)(ii) of this section,

for a booster seat which is recommended for use with both a vehicle's

Type I and Type II seat belt assemblies, the following statement:

WARNING! USE ONLY THE VEHICLE'S LAP BELT SYSTEM, OR THE LAP BELT PART OF

A LAP/SHOULDER BELT SYSTEM WITH THE SHOULDER BELT PLACED BEHIND THE

CHILD, WHEN RESTRAINING THE CHILD WITH THE insert description of

[[Page 543]]

the system element provided to restrain forward movement of the child's

torso when used with a lap belt (e.g., shield), AND ONLY THE VEHICLE'S

LAP AND SHOULDER BELT SYSTEM WHEN USING THIS BOOSTER WITHOUT THE insert

above description.

(ii) A booster seat which is recommended for use with both a

vehicle's Type I and Type II seat belt assemblies is not subject to

S5.5.2(i)(2)(i) if, when the booster is used with the shield or similar

component, the booster will cause the shoulder belt to be located in a

position other than in front of the child when the booster is installed.

However, such a booster shall be labeled with a warning to use the

booster with the vehicle's lap and shoulder belt system when using the

booster without a shield.

(j) In the case of each child restraint system equipped with an

anchorage strap, the statement:

SECURE THE TOP ANCHORAGE STRAP PROVIDED WITH THIS CHILD RESTRAINT AS

SPECIFIED IN THE MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS.

(k) At the manufacturer's option, child restraint systems

manufactured before May 27, 1997 may comply with the requirements of

S5.5.2(k)(4) or S5.5.2(k)(5) as appropriate, instead of the requirements

of S5.5.2(k)(1)(ii) or S5.5.2(k)(2)(ii).

(1) In the case of each rear-facing child restraint system that is

designed for infants only, the following statements--

(i) ``PLACE THIS INFANT RESTRAINT IN A REAR-FACING POSITION WHEN

USING IT IN THE VEHICLE.''

(ii) ``WARNING: DO NOT PLACE THIS RESTRAINT IN THE FRONT SEAT OF A

VEHICLE THAT HAS A PASSENGER SIDE AIR BAG. (insert a statement that

describes the consequences of not following the warning.)

(2) In the case of a child restraint system that is designed to be

used rearward-facing for infants and forward facing for older children,

the following statements--

(i) ``PLACE THIS CHILD RESTRAINT IN A REAR-FACING POSITION WHEN

USING IT WITH AN INFANT WEIGHING LESS THAN (insert a recommended weight

that is not less than 20 pounds).''

(ii) ``WARNING: WHEN THIS RESTRAINT IS USED REAR-FACING, DO NOT

PLACE IT IN THE FRONT SEAT OF A VEHICLE THAT HAS A PASSENGER SIDE AIR

BAG. (Insert a statement that describes the consequences of not

following the warning.)''

(3) The statements required by paragraphs (k)(1)(ii) and (k)(2)(ii)

shall be on a red, orange or yellow contrasting background, and placed

on the restraint so that it is on the side of the restraint designed to

be adjacent to the front passenger door of a vehicle and is visible to a

person installing the rear-facing child restraint system in the front

passenger seat.

(4) Except as provided in (k)(5) of this section, in the case of

each child restraint system that can be used in a rear-facing position

and is manufactured on or after May 27, 1997, instead of the warning

specified in S5.5.2(k)(1)(ii) or S5.5.2(k)(2)(ii) of this standard, a

label that conforms in content to Figure 10 and to the requirements of

S5.5.2(k)(4)(i) through S5.5.2(k)(4)(iii) of this standard shall be

permanently affixed to the outer surface of the cushion or padding in or

adjacent to the area where a child's head would rest, so that the label

is plainly visible and easily readable.

(i) The heading area shall be yellow with the word ``warning'' and

the alert symbol in black.

(ii) The message area shall be white with black text. The message

area shall be no less than 30 square cm.

(iii) The pictogram shall be black with a red circle and slash on a

white background. The pictogram shall be no less than 30 mm in diameter.

(5) If a child restraint system is equipped with a device that

deactivates the passenger-side air bag in a vehicle when and only when

the child restraint is installed in the vehicle and provides a signal,

for at least 60 seconds after deactivation, that the air bag is

deactivated, the label specified in Figure 10 may include the phrase

``unless air bag is off'' after ``on front seat with air bag.''

(l) An installation diagram showing the child restraint system

installed in:

(1) A seating position equipped with a continuous-loop lap/shoulder

belt; and

(2) A seating position equipped with only a lap belt, as specified

in the manufacturer's instructions.

(m) The following statement, inserting an address and telephone

number:

[[Page 544]]

``Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You must

address and the restraint's model number and manufacturing date to

(insert address) or call (insert telephone number). For recall

information, call the U.S. Government's Auto Safety Hotline at 1-800-

424-9393 (202-366-0123 in DC area).''

(n) Child restraint systems, other than belt-positioning seats,

harnesses and backless child restraint systems, may be certified as

complying with the provisions of S8. Child restraints that are so

certified shall be labeled with the statement ``This Restraint is

Certified for Use in Motor Vehicles and Aircraft.'' Belt-positioning

seats, harnesses and backless child restraint systems shall be labeled

with the statement ``This Restraint is Not Certified for Use in

Aircraft.'' The statement required by this paragraph shall be in red

lettering and shall be placed after the certification statement required

by S5.5.2(e).

S5.5.3 The information specified in S5.5.2 (g) through (k) shall be

located on the add-on child restraint system so that it is visible when

the system is installed as specified in S5.6.1.

S5.5.4 (a) Each built-in child restraint system other than a

factory-installed built-in restraint shall be permanently labeled with

the information specified in S5.5.5 (a) through (l). The information

specified in S5.5.5(a) through (j) and in S5.5.5(l) shall be visible

when the system is activated for use.

(b) Each factory-installed built-in child restraint shall be

permanently labeled with the information specified in S5.5.5(f) through

(j) and S5.5.5(l), so that the information is visible when the restraint

is activated for use. The information shall also be included in the

vehicle owner's manual.

S5.5.5 The information specified in paragraphs (a) through (l) of

this section that is required by S5.5.4 shall be in English and lettered

in letters and numbers that are not smaller than 10-point type and are

on a contrasting background.

(a) The model name or number of the system.

(b) The manufacturer's name. A distributor's or dealer's name may be

used instead if the distributor or dealer assumes responsibility for all

duties and liabilities imposed on the manufacturer with respect to the

system by the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, as amended.

and year of manufacture.

(d) The place of manufacture (city and State, or foreign country).

However, if the manufacturer uses the name of the distributor or dealer,

then it shall state the location (city and State, or foreign country) of

the principal offices of the distributor or dealer.

(e) The statement: ``This child restraint system conforms to all

applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standards.''

(f) One of the following statements, inserting the manufacturer's

recommendations for the maximum mass and height of children who can

safely occupy the system, except that booster seats shall not be

recommended for children whose masses are less than 13.6 kg:

(1) This infant restraint is designed for use by children who weigh

____________ pounds (____________ kg) or less and whose height is

(insert values in English and metric units; use of word ``mass'' in

label is optional); or

(2) This child restraint is designed for use only by children who

weigh between ____________ and____________ pounds (insert appropriate

metric values; use of word ``mass'' is optional) and whose height is

(insert appropriate values in English and metric units) or less and who

are capable of sitting upright alone; or

(3) This child restraint is designed for use only by children who

weigh between ____________ and ____________ pounds (insert appropriate

metric values; use of word ``mass'' is optional) and whose height is

between ____________ and ____________ inches (insert appropriate values

in English and metric units).

(g) The statement specified in paragraph (1), and if appropriate,

the statement in paragraph (2):

(1) WARNING! FAILURE TO FOLLOW THE MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS

[[Page 545]]

ON THE USE OF THIS CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEM CAN RESULT IN YOUR CHILD

STRIKING THE VEHICLE'S INTERIOR DURING A SUDDEN STOP OR CRASH.

(2) In the case of each built-in child restraint system which is not

intended for use in the motor vehicle in certain adjustment positions or

under certain circumstances, an appropriate statement of the

manufacturer's restrictions regarding those positions or circumstances,

in capitalized letters.

(h) In the case of each built-in child restraint system that has

belts designed to restrain children using them:

SNUGLY ADJUST THE BELTS PROVIDED WITH THIS CHILD RESTRAINT AROUND YOUR

CHILD.

(i) In the case of each built-in child restraint which can be used

in a rear-facing position, the following statement:

PLACE AN INFANT IN A REAR-FACING POSITION IN THIS CHILD RESTRAINT.

(j) A diagram or diagrams showing the fully activated child

restraint system in infant and/or child configurations.

(k) The following statement, inserting an address and telephone

number: ``Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You

must register this restraint to be reached in a recall. Send your name,

address and the restraint's model number and manufacturing date to

(insert address) or call (insert telephone number). For recall

information, call the U.S. Government's Auto Safety Hotline at 1-800-

424-9393 (202-366-0123 in DC area).''

(l) In the case of a built-in belt-positioning seat that uses either

the vehicle's Type I or Type II belt systems or both, a statement

describing the manufacturer's recommendations for the maximum height and

weight of children who can safely occupy the system and how the booster

should be used (e.g., with or without shield) with the different vehicle

belt systems.

S5.6 Printed Instructions for Proper Use.

S5.6.1 Add-on child restraint systems. Each add-on child restraint

system shall be accompanied by printed installation instructions in

English that provide a step-by-step procedure, including diagrams, for

installing the system in motor vehicles, securing the system in the

vehicles, positioning a child in the system, and adjusting the system to

fit the child. For each child restraint system that has components for

attaching to a tether anchorage or a child restraint anchorage system,

the installation instructions shall include a step-by-step procedure,

including diagrams, for properly attaching to that anchorage or system.

S5.6.1.1 In a vehicle with rear designated seating positions, the

instructions shall alert vehicle owners that, according to accident

statistics, children are safer when properly restrained in the rear

seating positions than in the front seating positions.

S5.6.1.2 The instructions shall specify in general terms the types

of vehicles, the types of seating positions, and the types of vehicle

safety belts with which the add-on child restraint system can or cannot

be used.

S5.6.1.3 The instructions shall explain the primary consequences of

not following the warnings required to be labeled on the child restraint

system in accordance with S5.5.2 (g) through (k).

S5.6.1.4 The instructions for each car bed shall explain that the

car bed should position in such a way that the child's head is near the

center of the vehicle.

S5.6.1.5 The instructions shall state that add-on child restraint

systems should be securely belted to the vehicle, even when they are not

occupied, since in a crash an unsecured child restraint system may

injure other occupants.

S5.6.1.6 Each add-on child restraint system shall have a location

on the restraint for storing the manufacturer's instructions.

S5.6.1.7 The instructions shall include the following statement,

inserting an address and telephone number: ``Child restraints could be

recalled for safety reasons. You must register this restraint to be

reached in a recall. Send your name, address and the restraint's model

number and manufacturing date to (insert address) or call (insert

telephone number). For recall information, call the U.S. Government's

Auto Safety Hotline at 1-800-424-9393 (202-366-0123 in DC area).''

[[Page 546]]

S5.6.1.8 In the case of each child restraint system that can be

used in a position so that it is facing the rear of the vehicle, the

instructions shall provide a warning against using rear-facing

restraints at seating positions equipped with air bags, and shall

explain the reasons for, and consequences of not following the warning.

The instructions shall also include a statement that owners of vehicles

with front passenger side air bags should refer to their vehicle owner's

manual for child restraint installation instructions.

S5.6.1.9 In the case of each rear-facing child restraint system

that has a means for repositioning the seating surface of the system

that allows the system's occupant to move from a reclined position to an

upright position during testing, the instructions shall include a

warning against impeding the ability of the restraint to change

adjustment position.

S5.6.1.10(a) For instructions for a booster seat that is

recommended for use with either a vehicle's Type I or Type II seat belt

assembly, one of the following statements, as appropriate, and the

reasons for the statement:

(i) WARNING! USE ONLY THE VEHICLE'S LAP AND SHOULDER BELT SYSTEM

WHEN RESTRAINING THE CHILD IN THIS BOOSTER SEAT; or,

(ii) WARNING! USE ONLY THE VEHICLE'S LAP BELT SYSTEM, OR THE LAP

BELT PART OF A LAP/SHOULDER BELT SYSTEM WITH THE SHOULDER BELT PLACED

BEHIND THE CHILD, WHEN RESTRAINING THE CHILD IN THIS SEAT.

(b)(i) Except as provided in S5.6.1.10(b)(ii), the instructions for

a booster seat that is recommended for use with both a vehicle's Type I

and Type II seat belt assemblies shall include the following statement

and the reasons therefor:

WARNING! USE ONLY THE VEHICLE'S LAP BELT SYSTEM, OR THE LAP BELT PART OF

A LAP/SHOULDER BELT SYSTEM WITH THE SHOULDER BELT PLACED BEHIND THE

CHILD, WHEN RESTRAINING THE CHILD WITH THE insert description of the

system element provided to restrain forward movement of the child's

torso when used with a lap belt (e.g., shield), AND ONLY THE VEHICLE'S

LAP AND SHOULDER BELT SYSTEM WHEN USING THIS BOOSTER WITHOUT THE insert

above description.

(ii) A booster seat which is recommended for use with both a

vehicle's Type I and Type II seat belt assemblies is not subject to

S5.6.1.10(b)(i) if, when the booster is used with the shield or similar

component, the booster will cause the shoulder belt to be located in a

position other than in front of the child when the booster is installed.

However, the instructions for such a booster shall include a warning to

use the booster with the vehicle's lap and shoulder belt system when

using the booster without a shield.

statement, ``This restraint is not certified for aircraft use,'' and the

reasons for this statement.

S5.6.2 Built-in child restraint systems. (a) Each built-in child

restraint system shall be accompanied by printed instructions in English

that provide a step-by-step procedure, including diagrams, for

activating the restraint system, positioning a child in the system,

adjusting the restraint and, if provided, the restraint harness to fit

the child. The instructions for each built-in car bed shall explain that

the child should be positioned in the bed in such a way that the child's

head is near the center of the vehicle.

(b) Each motor vehicle equipped with a factory-installed built-in

child restraint shall have the information specified in paragraph (a) of

this section included in its vehicle owner's manual.

S5.6.2.1 The instructions shall explain the primary consequences of

not following the manufacturer's warnings for proper use of the child

restraint system in accordance with S5.5.5 (f) through (i).

S5.6.2.2 The instructions for each built-in child restraint system

other than a factory-installed restraint, shall include the following

statement, inserting an address and telephone number: ``Child restraints

could be recalled for safety reasons. You must register this restraint

to be reached in a recall. Send your name, address and the restraint's

model number and manufacturing date to (insert address) or call (insert

telephone number). For recall information, call the U.S. Government's

[[Page 547]]

Auto Safety Hotline at 1-800-424-9393 (202-366-0123 in DC area).''

S5.6.2.3. Each built-in child restraint system other than a

factory-installed built-in restraint, shall have a location on the

restraint for storing the instructions.

S5.6.3 Each built-in child restraint system, other than a system

that has been installed in a vehicle or a factory-installed built-in

system that is designed for a specific vehicle model and seating

position, shall be accompanied by instructions in English that provide a

step-by-step procedure for installing the system in a motor vehicle. The

instructions shall specify the types of vehicles and the seating

positions into which the restraint can or cannot be installed. The

instructions for each car bed shall explain that the bed should be

installed so that the child's head will be near the center of the

vehicle.

S5.6.4 In the case of a built-in belt-positioning seat that uses

either the vehicle's Type I or Type II belt systems or both, the

instructions shall include a statement describing the manufacturer's

recommendations for the maximum height and weight of children who can

safely occupy the system and how the booster must be used with the

vehicle belt systems appropriate for the booster seat. The instructions

shall explain the consequences of not following the directions. The

instructions shall specify that, if the booster seat is recommended for

use with only the lap-belt part of a Type II assembly, the shoulder belt

portion of the assembly must be placed behind the child.

S5.7 Flammability. Each material used in a child restraint system

shall conform to the requirements of S4 of FMVSS No. 302 (571.302). In

the case of a built-in child restraint system, the requirements of S4 of

FMVSS No. 302 shall be met in both the ``in-use'' and ``stowed''

positions.

S5.8 Information requirements--registration form.

(a) Each child restraint system, except a factory-installed built-in

restraint system, shall have a registration form attached to any surface

of the restraint that contacts the dummy when the dummy is positioned in

the system in accordance with S6.1.2 of Standard 213.

(b) Each form shall:

(1) Consist of a postcard that is attached at a perforation to an

informational card;

(2) Conform in size, content and format to Figures 9a and 9b of this

section; and

(3) Have a thickness of at least 0.007 inches and not more than

0.0095 inches.

manufacture (month, year) of the child restraint system to which the

form is attached, shall contain space for the purchaser to record his or

her name and mailing address, shall be addressed to the manufacturer,

and shall be postage paid. No other information shall appear on the

postcard, except identifying information that distinguishes a particular

child restraint system from other systems of that model name or number

may be preprinted in the shaded area of the postcard, as shown in figure

9a.

S5.9 Attachment to child restraint anchorage system.

(a) Each add-on child restraint system manufactured on or after

September 1, 2002, other than a car bed, harness and belt-positioning

seat, shall have components permanently attached to the system that

enable the restraint to be securely fastened to the lower anchorages of

the child restraint anchorage system specified in Standard No. 225

(Sec. 571.225) and depicted in Drawing Package 100-1000 with Addendum A:

Seat Base Weldment (consisting of drawings and a bill of materials)

dated October 23, 1998, (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 571.5). The

components must be attached such that they can only be removed by use of

a tool, such as a screwdriver. In the case of rear-facing child

restraints with detachable bases, only the base is required to have the

components.

(b) In the case of each child restraint system that is manufactured

on or after September 1, 1999 and that has components for attaching the

system to a tether anchorage, those components shall include a tether

hook that conforms to the configuration and geometry specified in Figure

11 of this standard.

on or

[[Page 548]]

after September 1, 1999 and that has components, including belt webbing,

for attaching the system to a tether anchorage or to a child restraint

anchorage system, the belt webbing shall be adjustable so that the child

restraint can be tightly attached to the vehicle.

(d) Beginning September 1, 1999, each child restraint system with

components that enable the restraint to be securely fastened to the

lower anchorages of a child restraint anchorage system, other than a

system with hooks for attaching to the lower anchorages, shall provide

either an indication when each attachment to the lower anchorages

becomes fully latched or attached, or a visual indication that all

attachments to the lower anchorages are fully latched or attached.

Visual indications shall be detectable under normal daylight lighting

conditions.

S6. Test conditions and procedures.

S6.1 Dynamic systems test for child restraint systems.

The test conditions described in S6.1.1 apply to the dynamic systems

test. The test procedure for the dynamic systems test is specified in

S6.1.2. The test dummy specified in S7 is placed in the test specimen

(child restraint), clothed as described in S9 and positioned according

to S10.

S6.1.1 Test conditions.

(a) Test devices.

(1) The test device for add-on restraint systems is a standard seat

assembly consisting of a simulated vehicle bench seat, with three

seating positions, which is described in Drawing Package SAS-100-1000

with Addendum A: Seat Base Weldment (consisting of drawings and a bill

of materials) dated October 23, 1998, (incorporated by reference; see

Sec. 571.5). The assembly is mounted on a dynamic test platform so that

the center SORL of the seat is parallel to the direction of the test

platform travel and so that movement between the base of the assembly

and the platform is prevented.

(2) The test device for built-in child restraint systems is either

the specific vehicle shell or the specific vehicle.

(i) Specific vehicle shell.

(A) The specific vehicle shell, if selected for testing, is mounted

on a dynamic test platform so that the longitudinal center line of the

shell is parallel to the direction of the test platform travel and so

that movement between the base of the shell and the platform is

prevented. Adjustable seats are in the adjustment position midway

between the forwardmost and rearmost positions, and if separately

adjustable in a vertical direction, are at the lowest position. If an

adjustment position does not exist midway between the forwardmost and

rearmost position, the closest adjustment position to the rear of the

midpoint is used. Adjustable seat backs are in the manufacturer's

nominal design riding position. If such a position is not specified, the

seat back is positioned so that the longitudinal center line of the

child test dummy's neck is vertical, and if an instrumented test dummy

is used, the accelerometer surfaces in the dummy's head and thorax, as

positioned in the vehicle, are horizontal. If the vehicle seat is

equipped with adjustable head restraints, each is adjusted to its

highest adjustment position.

(B) The platform is instrumented with an accelerometer and data

processing system having a frequency response of 60 Hz channel class as

specified in Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J211

JUN80 ``Instrumentation for Impact Tests.'' The accelerometer sensitive

axis is parallel to the direction of test platform travel.

(ii) Specific vehicle. For built-in child restraint systems, an

alternate test device is the specific vehicle into which the built-in

system is fabricated. The following test conditions apply to this

alternate test device.

(A) The vehicle is loaded to its unloaded vehicle weight plus its

rated cargo and luggage capacity weight, secured in the luggage area,

plus the appropriate child test dummy and, at the vehicle manufacturer's

option, an anthropomorphic test dummy which conforms to the requirements

of subpart B or subpart E of part 572 of this title for a 50th

percentile adult male dummy placed in the front outboard seating

position. If the built-in child restraint system is installed at one of

the seating positions otherwise requiring the placement of a part 572

test dummy, then in the frontal barrier

[[Page 549]]

crash specified in (c), the appropriate child test dummy shall be

substituted for the part 572 adult dummy, but only at that seating

position. The fuel tank is filled to any level from 90 to 95 percent of

capacity.

(B) Adjustable seats are in the adjustment position midway between

the forward-most and rearmost positions, and if separately adjustable in

a vehicle direction, are at the lowest position. If an adjustment

position does not exist midway between the forward-most and rearmost

positions, the closest adjustment position to the rear of the midpoint

is used.

riding position. If a nominal position is not specified, the seat back

is positioned so that the longitudinal center line of the child test

dummy's neck is vertical, and if an anthropomorphic test dummy is used,

the accelerometer surfaces in the test dummy's head and thorax, as

positioned in the vehicle, are horizontal. If the vehicle is equipped

with adjustable head restraints, each is adjusted to its highest

adjustment position.

(D) Movable vehicle windows and vents are, at the manufacturer's

option, placed in the fully closed position.

(E) Convertibles and open-body type vehicles have the top, if any,

in place in the closed passenger compartment configuration.

(F) Doors are fully closed and latched but not locked.

(G) All instrumentation and data reduction is in conformance with

SAE J211 JUN80.

(b) The tests are frontal barrier impact simulations of the test

platform or frontal barrier crashes of the specific vehicles as

specified in S5.1 of Sec. 571.208 and for:

(1) Test Configuration I, are at a velocity change of 48 km/h with

the acceleration of the test platform entirely within the curve shown in

Figure 2, or for the specific vehicle test with the deceleration

produced in a 48 km/h frontal barrier crash.

(2) Test Configuration II, are set at a velocity change of 32 km/h

with the acceleration of the test platform entirely within the curve

shown in Figure 3, or for the specific vehicle test, with the

deceleration produced in a 32 km/h frontal barrier crash.

to the seat belt anchorage points provided on the standard seat assembly

are Type 1 seat belt assemblies in the case of add-on child restraint

systems other than belt-positioning seats, or Type 2 seat belt

assemblies in the case of belt-positioning seats. These seat belt

assemblies meet the requirements of Standard No. 209 (Sec. 571.209) and

have webbing with a width of not more than 2 inches, and are attached to

the anchorage points without the use of retractors or reels of any kind.

As illustrated in Figures 1A'' and 1B'' of this standard, attached to

the standard seat assembly is a child restraint anchorage system

conforming to the specifications of Standard No. 225 (Sec. 571.225), in

the case of add-on child restraint systems other than belt-positioning

booster seats.

(d) Performance tests under S6.1 are conducted at any ambient

temperature from 19 deg.C to 26 deg.C and at any relative humidity

from 10 percent to 70 percent.

(e) In the case of add-on child restraint systems, the restraint

shall meet the requirements of S5 at each of its seat back angle

adjustment positions and restraint belt routing positions, when the

restraint is oriented in the direction recommended by the manufacturer

(e.g., forward, rearward or laterally) pursuant to S5.6, and tested with

the test dummy specified in S7.

S6.1.2 Dynamic test procedure.

(a) Activate the built-in child restraint or attach the add-on child

restraint to the seat assembly as described below:

(1) Test configuration I.

(i) Child restraints other than belt-positioning seats. Attach the

child restraint in any of the following manners specified in

S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(A) through (D), unless otherwise specified in this

standard.

(A) Install the child restraint system at the center seating

position of the standard seat assembly, in accordance with the

manufacturer's instructions provided with the system pursuant to S5.6.1,

except that the standard lap belt is used and, if provided, a tether

strap may be used.

[[Page 550]]

(B) Except for a child harness, a backless child restraint system

with a tether strap, and a restraint designed for use by physically

handicapped children, install the child restraint system at the center

seating position of the standard seat assembly as in S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(A),

except that no tether strap (or any other supplemental device) is used.

anchorage system at the center seating position of the standard seat

assembly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions provided

with the system pursuant to S5.6.1. The tether strap, if one is

provided, is attached to the tether anchorage.

(D) Install the child restraint system using only the lower

anchorages of the child restraint anchorage system as in

S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(C). No tether strap (or any other supplemental device)

is used.

(ii) Belt-positioning seats. A belt-positioning seat is attached to

either outboard seating position of the standard seat assembly in

accordance with the manufacturer's instructions provided with the system

pursuant to S5.6.1 using only the standard vehicle lap and shoulder belt

and no tether (or any other supplemental device).

(iii) In the case of each built-in child restraint system, activate

the restraint in the specific vehicle shell or the specific vehicle, in

accordance with the manufacturer's instructions provided in accordance

with S5.6.2.

(2) Test configuration II. (i) In the case of each add-on child

restraint system which is equipped with a fixed or movable surface

described in S5.2.2.2, or a backless child restraint system with a top

anchorage strap, install the add-on child restraint system at the center

seating position of the standard seat assembly using only the standard

seat lap belt to secure the system to the standard seat.

(ii) In the case of each built-in child restraint system which is

equipped with a fixed or movable surface described in S5.2.2.2, or a

built-in booster seat with a top anchorage strap, activate the system in

the specific vehicle shell or the specific vehicle in accordance with

the manufacturer's instructions provided in accordance with S5.6.2.

(b) Select any dummy specified in S7 for testing systems for use by

children of the heights and weights for which the system is recommended

in accordance with S5.5. The dummy is assembled, clothed and prepared as

specified in S7 and S9 and Part 572 of this chapter, as appropriate.

the child restraint belts, if appropriate, as specified in S10.

(d) Belt adjustment.

(1) Add-on systems other than belt-positioning seats.

(i) If appropriate, shoulder and pelvic belts that directly restrain

the dummy shall be adjusted as follows: Tighten the belts until a 9 N

force applied (as illustrated in figure 5) to the webbing at the top of

each dummy shoulder and to the pelvic webbing 50 mm on either side of

the torso midsagittal plane pulls the webbing 7 mm from the dummy.

(ii) All Type I belt systems used to attach an add-on child

restraint system to the standard seat assembly, and any provided

additional anchorage belt (tether), are tightened to a tension of not

less than 53.5 N and not more than 67 N, as measured by a load cell used

on the webbing portion of the belt.

(iii) When attaching a child restraint system to the tether

anchorage and the child restraint anchorage system on the standard seat

assembly, tighten all belt systems used to attach the restraint to the

standard seat assembly to a tension of not less than 53.5 N and not more

than 67 N, as measured by a load cell or other suitable means used on

the webbing portion of the belt.

(2) Add-on belt-positioning seats.

(i) The lap portion of Type II belt systems used to attach the child

restraint to the standard seat assembly is tightened to a tension of not

less than 53.5 N and not more than 67 N, as measured by a load cell used

on the webbing portion of the belt.

(ii) The shoulder portion of Type II belt systems used to restrain

the dummy is tightened to a tension of not less than 9 N and not more

than 18 N, as measured by a load cell used on the webbing portion of the

belt.

[[Page 551]]

(3) Built-in child restraint systems.

(i) The lap portion of Type II belt systems used to secure a dummy

to the built-in child restraint system is tightened to a tension of not

less than 53.5 N and not more than 67 N, as measured by a load cell used

on the webbing portion of the belt.

(ii) The shoulder portion of Type II belt systems used to secure a

child is tightened to a tension of not less than 9 N and not more than

18 N, as measured by a load cell used on the webbing portion of the

belt.

(iii) If provided, and if appropriate to attach the child restraint

belts under S10, shoulder (other than the shoulder portion of a Type II

vehicle belt system) and pelvic belts that directly restrain the dummy

shall be adjusted as follows: Tighten the belts until a 9 N force

applied (as illustrated in figure 5) to the webbing at the top of each

dummy shoulder and to the pelvic webbing 50 mm on either side of the

torso midsagittal plane pulls the webbing 7 mm from the dummy.

(e) Accelerate the test platform to simulate frontal impact in

accordance with Test Configuration I or II, as appropriate.

(f) Determine conformance with the requirements in S5.1.

S6.2 Buckle release test procedure.

The belt assembly buckles used in any child restraint system shall

be tested in accordance with S6.2.1 through S6.2.4 inclusive.

S6.2.1 Before conducting the testing specified in S6.1, place the

loaded buckle on a hard, flat, horizontal surface. Each belt end of the

buckle shall be pre-loaded in the following manner. The anchor end of

the buckle shall be loaded with a 9 N force in the direction away from

the buckle. In the case of buckles designed to secure a single latch

plate, the belt latch plate end of the buckle shall be pre-loaded with a

9 N force in the direction away from the buckle. In the case of buckles

designed to secure two or more latch plates, the belt latch plate ends

of the buckle shall be loaded equally so that the total load is 9 N, in

the direction away from the buckle. For pushbutton-release buckles, the

release force shall be applied by a conical surface (cone angle not

exceeding 90 degrees). For pushbutton-release mechanisms with a fixed

edge (referred to in Figure 7 as ``hinged button''), the release force

shall be applied at the centerline of the button, 3 mm away from the

movable edge directly opposite the fixed edge, and in the direction that

produces maximum releasing effect. For pushbutton-release mechanisms

with no fixed edge (referred to in Figure 7 as ``floating button''), the

release force shall be applied at the center of the release mechanism in

the direction that produces the maximum releasing effect. For all other

buckle release mechanisms, the force shall be applied on the centerline

of the buckle lever or finger tab in the direction that produces the

maximum releasing effect. Measure the force required to release the

buckle. Figure 7 illustrates the loading for the different buckles and

the point where the release force should be applied, and Figure 8

illustrates the conical surface used to apply the release force to

pushbutton-release buckles.

S6.2.2 After completion of the testing specified in S6.1 and before

the buckle is unlatched, tie a self-adjusting sling to each wrist and

ankle of the test dummy in the manner illustrated in Figure 4, without

disturbing the belted dummy and the child restraint system.

S6.2.3 Pull the sling tied to the dummy restrained in the child

restraint system and apply a force whose magnitude is: 50 N for a system

tested with a newborn dummy; 90 N for a system tested with a 9-month-old

dummy; 200 N for a system tested with a 3-year-old dummy; or 270 N for a

system tested with a 6-year-old dummy. The force is applied in the

manner illustrated in Figure 4 and as follows:

(a) Add-on Child Restraints. For an add-on child restraint other

than a car bed, apply the specified force by pulling the sling

horizontally and parallel to the SORL of the standard seat assembly. For

a car bed, apply the force by pulling the sling vertically.

(b) Built-in Child Restraints. For a built-in child restraint other

than a car bed, apply the force by pulling the sling parallel to the

longitudinal center line of the specific vehicle shell or the specific

vehicle. In the case of a car

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bed, apply the force by pulling the sling vertically.

S6.2.4 While applying the force specified in S6.2.3, and using the

device shown in Figure 8 for pushbutton-release buckles, apply the

release force in the manner and location specified in S6.2.1, for that

type of buckle. Measure the force required to release the buckle.

S6.3 Head impact protection--energy absorbing material test

procedure.

S6.3.1 Prepare and test specimens of the energy absorbing material

used to comply with S5.2.3 in accordance with the applicable 25 percent

compression-deflection test described in the American Society for

Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard D1056-73, ``Standard Specification

for Flexible Cellular Materials--Sponge or Expanded Rubber,'' or D1564-

71 ``Standard Method of Testing Flexible Cellular Materials--Slab

Urethane Foam'' or D1565-76 ``Standard Specification for Flexible

Cellular Materials--Vinyl Chloride Polymer and Copolymer open-cell

foams.''

S7 Test dummies. (Subparts referenced in this section are of part

572 of this chapter.)

S7.1 Dummy selection.

(a) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in

accordance with S5.5 for use either by children in a specified mass

range that includes any children having a mass of not greater than 5 kg,

or by children in a specified height range that includes any children

whose height is not greater than 650 mm, is tested with a newborn test

dummy conforming to part 572 subpart K.

(b) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in

accordance with S5.5 for use either by children in a specified mass

range that includes any children having a mass greater than 5 but not

greater than 10 kg, or by children in a specified height range that

includes any children whose height is greater than 650 mm but not

greater than 850 mm, is tested with a newborn test dummy conforming to

part 572 subpart K, and a 9-month-old test dummy conforming to part 572

subpart J.

accordance with S5.5 for use either by children in a specified mass

range that includes any children having a mass greater than 10 kg but

not greater than 18 kg, or by children in a specified height range that

includes any children whose height is greater than 850 mm but not

greater than 1100 mm, is tested with a 9-month-old test dummy conforming

to part 572 subpart J, and a 3-year-old test dummy conforming to part

572 subpart C and S7.2, provided, however, that the 9-month-old dummy is

not used to test a booster seat.

(d) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in

accordance with S5.5 for use either by children in a specified mass

range that includes any children having a mass greater than 18 kg, or by

children in a specified height range that includes any children whose

height is greater than 1100 mm, is tested with a 6-year-old child dummy

conforming to part 572 subpart I.

(e) A child restraint that meets the criteria in two or more of the

preceding paragraphs in S7.1 is tested with each of the test dummies

specified in those paragraphs.

S7.2 Three-year-old dummy head. Effective September 1, 1993, this

dummy is assembled with the head assembly specified in section

572.16(a)(1) of this chapter.

S8 Requirements, test conditions, and procedures for child

restraint systems manufactured for use in aircraft. Each child restraint

system manufactured for use in both motor vehicles and aircraft must

comply with all of the applicable requirements specified in Section S5

and with the additional requirements specified in S8.1 and S8.2.

S8.1 Installation instructions. Each child restraint system

manufactured for use in aircraft shall be accompanied by printed

instructions in English that provide a step-by-step procedure, including

diagrams, for installing the system in aircraft passenger seats,

securing a child in the system when it is installed in aircraft, and

adjusting the system to fit the child.

S8.2 Inversion test. When tested in accordance with S8.2.1 through

S8.2.5, each child restraint system manufactured for use in aircraft

shall meet the requirements of S8.2.1 through S8.2.6. The manufacturer

may, at its option,

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use any seat which is a representative aircraft passenger seat within

the meaning of S4. Each system shall meet the requirements at each of

the restraint's seat back angle adjustment positions and restraint belt

routing positions, when the restraint is oriented in the direction

recommended by the manufacturer (e.g., facing forward, rearward or

laterally) pursuant to S8.1, and tested with the test dummy specified in

S7. If the manufacturer recommendations do not include instructions for

orienting the restraint in aircraft when the restraint seat back angle

is adjusted to any position, position the restraint on the aircraft seat

by following the instructions (provided in accordance with S5.6) for

orienting the restraint in motor vehicles.

S8.2.1 A standard seat assembly consisting of a representative

aircraft passenger seat shall be positioned and adjusted so that its

horizontal and vertical orientation and its seat back angle are the same

as shown in Figure 6.

S8.2.2 The child restraint system shall be attached to the

representative aircraft passenger seat using, at the manufacturer's

option, any Federal Aviation Administration approved aircraft safety

belt, according to the restraint manufacturer's instructions for

attaching the restraint to an aircraft seat. No supplementary anchorage

belts or tether straps may be attached; however, Federal Aviation

Administration approved safety belt extensions may be used.

S8.2.3 In accordance with S10, place in the child restraint any

dummy specified in S7 for testing systems for use by children of the

heights and weights for which the system is recommended in accordance

with S5.5 and S8.1.

S8.2.4 If provided, shoulder and pelvic belts that directly

restrain the dummy shall be adjusted in accordance with S6.1.2.

S8.2.5 The combination of representative aircraft passenger seat,

child restraint, and test dummy shall be rotated forward around a

horizontal axis which is contained in the median transverse vertical

plane of the seating surface portion of the aircraft seat and is located

25 mm below the bottom of the seat frame, at a speed of 35 to 45 degrees

per second, to an angle of 180 degrees. The rotation shall be stopped

when it reaches that angle and the seat shall be held in this position

for three seconds. The child restraint shall not fall out of the

aircraft safety belt nor shall the test dummy fall out of the child

restraint at any time during the rotation or the three second period.

The specified rate of rotation shall be attained in not less than one

half second and not more than one second, and the rotating combination

shall be brought to a stop in not less than one half second and not more

than one second.

S8.2.6 Repeat the procedures set forth in S8.2.1 through S8.2.4.

The combination of the representative aircraft passenger seat, child

restraint, and test dummy shall be rotated sideways around a horizontal

axis which is contained in the median longitudinal vertical plane of the

seating surface portion of the aircraft seat and is located 25 mm below

the bottom of the seat frame, at a speed of 35 to 45 degrees per second,

to an angle of 180 degrees. The rotation shall be stopped when it

reaches that angle and the seat shall be held in this position for three

seconds. The child restraint shall not fall out of the aircraft safety

belt nor shall the test dummy fall out of the child restraint at any

time during the rotation or the three second period. The specified rate

of rotation shall be attained in not less than one half second and not

more than one second, and the rotating combination shall be brought to a

stop in not less than one half second and not more than one second.

S9 Dummy clothing and preparation.

S9.1 Type of clothing.

(a) Newborn dummy. When used in testing under this standard, the

dummy is unclothed.

(b) Nine-month-old dummy. When used in testing under this standard,

the dummy is clothed in terry cloth polyester and cotton size 1 long

sleeve shirt and size 1 long pants, with a total mass of 0.136 kg.

under this standard, the dummy is clothed in thermal knit, waffle-weave

polyester and cotton underwear or equivalent, a

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size 4 long-sleeved shirt (3-year-old dummy) or a size 5 long-sleeved

shirt (6-year-old dummy) having a mass of 0.090 kg, a size 4 pair of

long pants having a mass of 0.090 kg, and cut off just far enough above

the knee to allow the knee target to be visible, and size 7M sneakers

(3-year-old dummy) or size 12 \1/2\M sneakers (6-year-old dummy) with

rubber toe caps, uppers of dacron and cotton or nylon and a total mass

of 0.453 kg.

S9.2 Preparing clothing. Clothing other than the shoes is machined-

washed in 71 deg.C to 82 deg.C and machine-dried at 49 deg.C to 60

deg.C for 30 minutes.

S9.3 Preparing dummies. Before being used in testing under this

standard, dummies must be conditioned at any ambient temperature from 19

deg.C to 25.5 deg.C and at any relative humidity from 10 percent to 70

percent for at least 4 hours.

S10 Positioning the dummy and attaching the system belts.

S10.1 Car beds. Place the test dummy in the car bed in the supine

position with its midsagittal plane perpendicular to the center SORL of

the standard seat assembly, in the case of an add-on car bed, or

perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the specific vehicle shell or

the specific vehicle, in the case of a built-in car bed. Position the

dummy within the car bed in accordance with the instructions for child

positioning that the bed manufacturer provided with the bed in

accordance with S5.6.

S10.2 Restraints other than car beds.

S10.2.1 Newborn dummy and nine-month-old dummy. Position the test

dummy according to the instructions for child positioning that the

manufacturer provided with the system under S5.6.1 or S5.6.2, while

conforming to the following:

(a) Prior to placing the 9-month-old test dummy in the child

restraint system, place the dummy in the supine position on a horizontal

surface. While placing a hand on the center of the torso to prevent

movement of the dummy torso, rotate the dummy legs upward by lifting the

feet 90 degrees. Slowly release the legs but do not return them to the

flat surface.

(b)(1) When testing forward-facing child restraint systems, holding

the 9-month-old test dummy torso upright until it contacts the system's

design seating surface, place the 9-month-old test dummy in the seated

position within the system with the mid-sagittal plane of the dummy

head--

(i) Coincident with the center SORL of the standard seating

assembly, in the case of the add-on child restraint system, or

(ii) Vertical and parallel to the longitudinal center line of the

specific vehicle shell or the specific vehicle, in the case of a built-

in child restraint system.

(2) When testing rear-facing child restraint systems, place the

newborn or 9-month old dummy in the child restraint system so that the

back of the dummy torso contacts the back support surface of the system.

For a child restraint system which is equipped with a fixed or movable

surface described in S5.2.2.2 which is being tested under the conditions

of test configuration II, do not attach any of the child restraint belts

unless they are an integral part of the fixed or movable surface. For

all other child restraint systems and for a child restraint system with

a fixed or movable surface which is being tested under the conditions of

test configuration I, attach all appropriate child restraint belts and

tighten them as specified in S6.1.2. Attach all appropriate vehicle

belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2. Position each movable

surface in accordance with the instructions that the manufacturer

provided under S5.6.1 or S5.6.2. If the dummy's head does not remain in

the proper position, it shall be taped against the front of the seat

back surface of the system by means of a single thickness of 6 mm-wide

paper masking tape placed across the center of the dummy's face.

(c)(1)(i) When testing forward-facing child restraint systems,

extend the arms of the 9-month-old test dummy as far as possible in the

upward vertical direction. Extend the legs of the 9-month-old dummy as

far as possible in the forward horizontal direction, with the dummy feet

perpendicular to the centerline of the lower legs. Using a flat square

surface with an area of 2,580 square mm, apply a force of 178 N,

perpendicular to:

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(A) The plane of the back of the standard seat assembly, in the case

of an add-on system, or

(B) The back of the vehicle seat in the specific vehicle shell or

the specific vehicle, in the case of a built-in system, first against

the dummy crotch and then at the dummy thorax in the midsagittal plane

of the dummy. For a child restraint system with a fixed or movable

surface described in S5.2.2.2, which is being tested under the

conditions of test configuration II, do not attach any of the child

restraint belts unless they are an integral part of the fixed or movable

surface. For all other child restraint systems and for a child restraint

system with a fixed or movable surface which is being tested under the

conditions of test configuration I, attach all appropriate child

restraint belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2. Attach all

appropriate vehicle belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2.

Position each movable surface in accordance with the instructions that

the manufacturer provided under S5.6.1 or S5.6.2.

(ii) After the steps specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this

section, rotate each dummy limb downwards in the plane parallel to the

dummy's midsagittal plane until the limb contacts a surface of the child

restraint system or the standard seat assembly, in the case of an add-on

system, or the specific vehicle shell or specific vehicle, in the case

of a built-in system, as appropriate. Position the limbs, if necessary,

so that limb placement does not inhibit torso or head movement in tests

conducted under S6.

(2) When testing rear-facing child restraints, position the newborn

and 9-month-old dummy arms vertically upwards and then rotate each arm

downward toward the dummy's lower body until the arm contacts a surface

of the child restraint system or the standard seat assembly in the case

of an add-on child restraint system, or the specific vehicle shell or

the specific vehicle, in the case of a built-in child restraint system.

Ensure that no arm is restrained from movement in other than the

downward direction, by any part of the system or the belts used to

anchor the system to the standard seat assembly, the specific shell, or

the specific vehicle.

S10.2.2 Three-year-old and six-year-old test dummy. Position the

test dummy according to the instructions for child positioning that the

restraint manufacturer provided with the system in accordance with

S5.6.1 or S5.6.2, while conforming to the following:

(a) Holding the test dummy torso upright until it contacts the

system's design seating surface, place the test dummy in the seated

position within the system with the midsagittal plane of the test dummy

head--

(1) Coincident with the center SORL of the standard seating

assembly, in the case of the add-on child restraint system, or

(2) Vertical and parallel to the longitudinal center line of the

specific vehicle, in the case of a built-in child restraint system.

(b) Extend the arms of the test dummy as far as possible in the

upward vertical direction. Extend the legs of the dummy as far as

possible in the forward horizontal direction, with the dummy feet

perpendicular to the center line of the lower legs.

millimeters, apply a force of 178 N, perpendicular to:

(1) The plane of the back of the standard seat assembly, in the case

of an add-on system, or

(2) The back of the vehicle seat in the specific vehicle shell or